A document that contains factual information about an event is known as what?

An incident report is a document specifically designed to provide a clear and factual account of an event, particularly those involving unexpected occurrences, accidents, or other situations requiring documentation for record-keeping or analysis purposes. It typically details the who, what, when, where, and how of the event, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the incident. This type of document is crucial in various fields, including healthcare, law enforcement, and corporate environments, as it helps in identifying the causes of incidents and preventing future occurrences.

In contrast, other answer choices serve different purposes. A memo, for instance, is used primarily for internal communication within an organization, often addressing administrative or procedural matters rather than documenting events. A field report documents observations and findings based on activities conducted in the field but may not necessarily focus on a singular event or incident. A case study, on the other hand, involves a detailed analysis of a particular instance, problem, or situation but goes beyond simply documenting the facts to explore outcomes, lessons learned, and broader implications. Thus, the choice of an incident report aligns precisely with the need for a factual recounting of an event.